Best Bighorn River Flies for Fly Fishing in Wyoming
The Bighorn River in Wyoming is a renowned fly fishing destination, attracting anglers from across the country with its healthy populations of brown and rainbow trout. One of the most important factors in achieving success on this river is selecting the right flies. Understanding which fly patterns to use, when to use them, and how to present them can significantly improve your chances of landing fish.
In this guide, we’ll break down the best Bighorn River flies for every season, including dry flies, nymphs, and streamers. We’ll also cover essential techniques, gear recommendations, and tips for reading the water to maximize your success. Whether you’re a seasoned fly fisher or new to the sport, this comprehensive guide will help you approach the Bighorn River with confidence and improve your chances of a rewarding day on the water.
Understanding the Bighorn River Ecosystem
The Bighorn River is one of Wyoming’s premier fly fishing destinations, known for its healthy trout population and consistent hatches. Understanding the river’s unique ecosystem is key to improving your success on the water. By learning about the river’s characteristics and the insect life that sustains its fish populations, anglers can better select flies and develop effective fishing strategies.
River Characteristics
The Bighorn River is a tailwater fishery, meaning its flow is regulated by a dam—in this case, the Afterbay Dam below Yellowtail Reservoir. This regulated flow creates stable water temperatures and consistent insect activity throughout the year, which makes the Bighorn River an excellent year-round fishery.
The river’s clear water and nutrient-rich conditions provide an ideal habitat for aquatic insects and trout. While flows vary with seasonal conditions and dam releases, the Bighorn typically runs between 1,000 and 5,000 cubic feet per second (CFS), creating ample opportunities for both wading and drift boat fishing.
Key river features like riffles, runs, and deep pools offer distinct feeding zones for trout. Riffles oxygenate the water and attract insect life, making them prime spots for nymphing and dry fly fishing. Deeper pools provide trout with shelter and resting zones, making them excellent targets for streamer fishing. Understanding these features allows anglers to adjust their tactics and fly selection based on where trout are actively feeding.
The Bighorn River’s trout population is both abundant and diverse, with brown and rainbow trout being the most common species. Brown trout are often found near structure such as undercut banks, submerged logs, or rocky ledges, while rainbows frequently hold in riffles and faster runs. Knowing these behavioral tendencies is crucial when deciding where to cast your fly.
Key Insect Hatches on the Bighorn River
The Bighorn River’s insect life is rich and varied, making it a prime habitat for trout and a fly fisher’s dream. Understanding the river’s hatch patterns is vital for selecting the right flies and timing your trips for peak activity.
Midges are the most consistent hatch on the Bighorn River, emerging year-round. In winter and early spring, when few other insects are present, midges become a primary food source for trout. Patterns such as Zebra Midges (sizes 18-22) and Griffith’s Gnats (sizes 18-24) are essential during this time.
Blue-Winged Olives (BWOs) are a major hatch in both spring and fall. These small mayflies thrive in the cool, stable water conditions the Bighorn River provides. BWOs often emerge on overcast days, making them a prime opportunity for dry fly action. Patterns like the Parachute Adams (sizes 16-20) and RS2 emergers (sizes 18-22) are effective during this hatch.
Pale Morning Duns (PMDs) emerge in the summer months, typically from June through August. These yellow-bodied mayflies are a favorite target for trout during their extended hatches. Effective PMD patterns include Comparaduns (sizes 16-20) and PMD emergers.
Caddisflies are another staple on the Bighorn River, emerging from late spring through early fall. Caddis hatches can trigger aggressive feeding behavior, especially during warm evenings. Patterns such as the Elk Hair Caddis (sizes 14-18) and X-Caddis are proven options.
Terrestrials—such as grasshoppers, ants, and beetles—become important food sources during the warmer months. These insects are often blown into the river from nearby fields, making patterns like the Dave’s Hopper or Parachute Ant effective choices during July and August.
Scuds and Sow Bugs are also critical to the Bighorn River’s ecosystem. These small crustaceans are abundant year-round and are a reliable food source for trout. Patterns such as the Ray Charles (sizes 14-18) and Pink Scuds are effective when targeting trout in deeper runs and slower-moving water.
Top Recommended Bighorn River Fly Patterns
Choosing the right fly patterns for the Bighorn River is crucial to fishing success. The river’s diverse insect population and active trout require a well-stocked fly box with dry flies, nymphs, and streamers that imitate local food sources. Below are some of the most effective patterns for each category, along with tips for presentation and when to use them.
Dry Flies
Dry flies are a go-to choice during Bighorn River hatches when trout are feeding on or near the water’s surface. The key to dry fly success is selecting patterns that match the river’s primary hatches and timing your presentations accordingly.
Parachute Adams (Size 16-20)
The Parachute Adams is a versatile pattern that effectively imitates Blue-Winged Olives (BWOs) and mayflies. It’s particularly effective during spring and fall BWO hatches, when trout rise to sip insects off the surface. The parachute design offers excellent visibility, making it easier for anglers to track in low light or turbulent water.
Elk Hair Caddis (Size 14-18)
Caddisflies are a staple on the Bighorn River from late spring through summer. The Elk Hair Caddis is an excellent pattern that floats well and mimics adult caddis bouncing on the water’s surface. When trout aggressively chase caddis, twitching this pattern slightly can imitate a struggling insect and trigger strikes.
Griffith’s Gnat (Size 18-24)
For winter and early spring midge hatches, the Griffith’s Gnat is a must-have pattern. It mimics clusters of adult midges that trout key in on during cold-weather feeding. Present this fly delicately on calm water or in slow-moving runs for the best results.
Comparadun (Size 16-20)
The Comparadun is an exceptional pattern for PMD hatches, which occur heavily during summer. Its low-profile body and splayed wings mimic the delicate posture of an emerging mayfly. This fly performs best in slow-moving seams and back eddies where trout are rising.
Dave’s Hopper (Size 10-14)
During late summer, terrestrial insects become a major food source on the Bighorn River. Dave’s Hopper mimics grasshoppers that frequently end up in the water. Fishing this pattern close to grassy banks or along undercut edges is highly effective.
Nymph Patterns
Nymphs are often the most productive flies on the Bighorn River since trout spend a majority of their time feeding below the surface. The following patterns imitate key aquatic insects in their underwater stages.
Pheasant Tail Nymph (Size 14-20)
The Pheasant Tail Nymph is a proven pattern that effectively imitates a wide range of mayfly nymphs, particularly BWOs and PMDs. This fly excels in riffles, runs, and deeper pools where trout feed actively. For best results, fish it under a strike indicator or as part of a two-fly nymph rig.
Zebra Midge (Size 18-22)
Midges are a primary food source for Bighorn River trout year-round. The Zebra Midge’s simple yet effective design mimics midge larvae and pupa. Fishing this fly deep in slower-moving water during colder months is especially effective.
Ray Charles (Size 14-18)
Scuds and sow bugs thrive in the Bighorn River’s tailwater environment, and the Ray Charles pattern is a staple for imitating these crustaceans. It’s especially useful in deep runs and areas with slower currents where scuds are abundant.
RS2 (Size 18-22)
The RS2 is an excellent emerger pattern for BWOs and midges. Its slim profile and subtle movement make it highly effective during hatches when trout are keying in on insects just below the surface.
Prince Nymph (Size 12-16)
The Prince Nymph’s distinctive peacock herl body and white wings make it a highly effective attractor pattern. This fly works well during times when trout are feeding opportunistically in faster-moving water.
Emerger Patterns
Emerger patterns are vital during hatch periods when trout are feeding on insects transitioning from underwater to the surface. These patterns often produce aggressive strikes as trout target vulnerable insects.
RS2 (Size 18-22)
While also categorized as a nymph, the RS2 excels as an emerger when fished near the surface. Its slender body and delicate wing imitation make it a prime choice during BWO and midge hatches.
CDC Emerger (Size 16-20)
The CDC Emerger imitates mayflies and midges trapped in the surface film. The CDC feather helps suspend the fly just below the water’s surface, creating a realistic appearance. Fish this pattern with a drag-free drift in slow-moving seams.
Sparkle Dun (Size 16-20)
The Sparkle Dun mimics emerging PMDs and BWOs, featuring a shuck-like tail that simulates the insect’s nymph casing. This fly is best presented in shallow riffles and slow current seams.
Streamers and Large Patterns
Streamers are essential for targeting large, aggressive trout on the Bighorn River. These flies imitate baitfish, leeches, and other larger prey that trophy-sized trout feed on.
Woolly Bugger (Size 6-10)
The Woolly Bugger’s versatility makes it a go-to pattern for streamer fishing. Black, olive, and brown variations excel on the Bighorn River. Fish it with a slow, steady retrieve in deeper pools or strip it aggressively along structure to entice strikes.
Bunny Leech (Size 6-10)
The Bunny Leech’s natural movement and larger profile make it highly effective when targeting big brown trout. Its pulsating action works well in murky water conditions or during higher flows.
Sculpzilla (Size 4-8)
Sculpins are a common baitfish in the Bighorn River, and the Sculpzilla pattern effectively imitates these prey items. This pattern is particularly effective in fast-moving water or near submerged rocks where trout ambush sculpins.
Fly Selection by Season on the Bighorn River
Fly selection on the Bighorn River varies throughout the year, with seasonal insect activity influencing which patterns are most effective. Understanding these changes can significantly improve your chances of success.
Spring
In spring, as water temperatures rise, trout become increasingly active. Midges are a key food source during this time, and patterns like Zebra Midges and Griffith’s Gnats perform well. Blue-Winged Olives (BWOs) also begin to emerge, making Parachute Adams and RS2 emergers reliable choices. Additionally, scuds and sow bugs are abundant in early spring, and patterns like the Ray Charles or Pink Scud can be highly productive. For anglers seeking larger fish, streamers such as Woolly Buggers are effective as trout aggressively feed after winter.
Summer
Summer offers some of the best dry fly fishing on the Bighorn River. Pale Morning Duns (PMDs) become prominent, and Comparaduns or Sparkle Duns are ideal matches. Caddisflies are also active in summer evenings, with Elk Hair Caddis patterns producing consistent results. As terrestrial insects like grasshoppers, ants, and beetles become common, patterns such as Dave’s Hopper or Parachute Ant work well along grassy banks. While dry fly action peaks during summer, nymphs like the Pheasant Tail and Zebra Midge remain essential during midday lulls.
Fall
Fall is an excellent time for targeting aggressive trout preparing for winter. BWO hatches return, making Parachute Adams and CDC Emergers key patterns. Midges continue to thrive in the cooler months, while scuds and sow bugs remain crucial food sources in deeper water. Streamers become particularly effective in fall, with patterns like Sculpzillas and Woolly Buggers drawing strikes from larger, territorial fish.
Winter
Winter fishing on the Bighorn River can be challenging but rewarding. Midges are often the only active insect, and small patterns like Zebra Midges and Griffith’s Gnats are essential. Scuds and sow bugs remain effective, especially in slower pools where trout conserve energy. While trout are less aggressive in winter, smaller streamers like Mini Leeches can still trigger strikes in deeper runs.
Bighorn River Fly Fishing Techniques
Mastering effective fly fishing techniques on the Bighorn River is key to success. Using the right methods for nymphing, dry flies, and streamers can significantly improve your catch rates.
Nymphing Strategies
Nymphing is the most productive technique on the Bighorn River since trout feed below the surface most of the time. For success, use a strike indicator rig with patterns like Zebra Midges or Pheasant Tail Nymphs. Adjust your indicator and add split shot to maintain the right depth in riffles and deeper pools. Tight line nymphing (Euro nymphing) is also highly effective, particularly with weighted scuds or Perdigon nymphs. Focus on seams, runs, and pockets where trout gather.
Dry Fly Presentation
Dry fly fishing thrives during Bighorn River hatches. Patterns like Parachute Adams, Elk Hair Caddis, and Sparkle Duns match common hatches such as Blue-Winged Olives and PMDs. Cast upstream with a drag-free drift to mimic natural insect movement. During slower currents or when trout are sipping emergers, RS2 or CDC Emergers fished in the surface film are highly effective.
Streamer Tactics
Streamer fishing is ideal for targeting large Bighorn River trout. Cast patterns like Woolly Buggers, Bunny Leeches, or Sculpzillas across the current and swing them through deeper pools or along cut banks. Vary your retrieve speed to trigger strikes, especially in high water or low-light conditions.
Tips for Success on the Bighorn River
Success on the Bighorn River requires more than just the right flies and gear — understanding trout behavior, reading the water, and refining your presentation are crucial. By combining observation with smart tactics, you can significantly improve your catch rates.
Reading the Water
Understanding the Bighorn River’s structure is key to locating feeding trout. Focus on areas where food naturally collects, such as seams, riffles, and runs. Trout often hold in these zones to conserve energy while feeding. Riffles oxygenate the water and attract aquatic insects, making them ideal for nymphing. In slower pools and eddies, rising trout often target emerging insects, providing prime dry fly opportunities. Additionally, target undercut banks, rock ledges, and submerged logs where larger trout ambush prey. Observing current speed and foam lines can help you identify productive feeding lanes.
Matching the Hatch
The Bighorn River’s consistent hatches make fly selection critical. Before tying on a fly, observe the water for signs of insect activity. Look for rising trout, clusters of insects on the surface, or nymph cases along the shoreline. During midge and Blue-Winged Olive (BWO) hatches, trout often feed selectively, requiring precise pattern matching. Use Parachute Adams, RS2s, or Griffith’s Gnats when targeting surface feeders. For subsurface action, patterns like Zebra Midges, Pheasant Tail Nymphs, and scuds are highly effective. If trout are ignoring your fly, try adjusting the size, color, or drift.
Proper Fish Handling
Practicing responsible fish handling is vital to protecting the Bighorn River’s trout population. Use barbless hooks to minimize injury and improve release success. When landing fish, keep them in the water as much as possible and handle them gently with wet hands. Avoid squeezing the fish or touching their gills, and use a rubberized landing net to reduce stress. If photographing your catch, be quick and keep the fish close to the water. Revive tired trout by holding them facing upstream until they swim away on their own.
Local Resources for Bighorn River Anglers
Utilizing local resources can greatly improve your success on the Bighorn River. Fly shops, guides, and lodging options provide valuable insights and convenient access to prime fishing areas.
Fly Shops and Guides
Fly shops like Bighorn Angler, The Fort Smith Fly Shop, and Troutfitters are excellent sources for current hatch reports, water conditions, and recommended fly patterns. These shops also provide gear tailored to Bighorn River conditions.
For those seeking expert guidance, hiring a local guide can make a big difference. Experienced guides know the river’s feeding patterns, productive spots, and best presentation techniques, increasing your chances of success.
Lodging and Accommodations
Fort Smith offers a range of lodging options close to the river. The Bighorn River Lodge provides full-service guided trips and meals, while Cottonwood Camp offers a budget-friendly, laid-back stay. For campers, the Afterbay Campground is a convenient option near the river’s upper stretch.
Make Your Bighorn River Adventure a Success with Expert Guidance
Fly fishing the Bighorn River offers incredible opportunities for anglers seeking trophy trout and consistent action. By selecting the right flies for each season, mastering nymphing, dry fly, and streamer techniques, and understanding trout behavior, you can greatly improve your success. Reading the water, matching the hatch, and practicing proper fish handling are all key factors in maximizing your results.
Whether you’re a seasoned angler or new to fly fishing, proper preparation is essential for success on the Bighorn River. For expert advice, guided trips, and the best local fly patterns, visit Rendezvous Anglers. Our knowledgeable staff is dedicated to helping you make the most of your time on the river. Stop by our shop or book a guided trip today to experience the Bighorn River at its finest.
Colby Spencer
A Wyoming native, has been fishing these waters since childhood. With a deep passion for fishing, he's a true fanatic who loves helping others reel in their catches as much as he enjoys fishing himself. Colby's contagious enthusiasm ensures that by the end of the day, you'll be hooked on fishing just like him!